Question 1:

The specific heat capacity (c) of a substance is defined as:

The energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of the substance by 1 °C (or 1 K).

That matches option B.

• A is incorrect because it does not specify the mass (1 kg).

• C and D are incorrect because they describe temperature change per unit energy, which is the inverse of specific heat capacity.

Correct answer: B.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 2:

The formula for specific heat capacity (c) in terms of heat energy ΔQ supplied is:

Where:

• ΔQ = heat energy supplied (J)

• m = mass (kg)

• c = specific heat capacity (J/kg·°C)

• ΔT = temperature change (°C or K)

That matches option A.

Correct answer: A. ΔQ = m . c . ΔT

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 3:

We use the formula:

Given:
m=2 kg
c=4200 J/kg°C
ΔT=5 °C

Q=2×4200×5

Q=42000 J

Correct answer: C. 42000 J.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 4:

We use the same formula:

Given:
Q=210 kJ = 210,000 J
m=2 kg
c=4200 J/kg°C

210,000=2×4200×ΔT

ΔT=210,000/8400=25 °C

Correct answer: A. 25 °C.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 5:

We have three rows with missing values. Use Q = m * c * ΔT, c=800 J/(kg°C).

Energy supplied = ? , m=20 kg, ΔT=10°C. So Q = 20 * 800 * 10 = 20*8000 = 160,000 J = 160 kJ.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 6:

We have three rows with missing values. Use Q = m * c * ΔT, c=800 J/(kg°C).

Q=8000 J, m=?, ΔT=20°C. So m = Q/(cΔT)=8000/(800*20)=8000/16000=0.5 kg.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 7:

We have three rows with missing values. Use Q = m * c * ΔT, c=800 J/(kg°C).

Q=400 kJ = 400,000 J, m=5 kg, ΔT=?. So ΔT = Q/(m*c)=400000/(5*800)=400000/4000=100°C.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 8:

To find the specific heat capacity (c) of aluminium using ΔQ=m⋅c⋅ΔT:

• Mass m is already known (1 kg).

• Energy supplied ΔQ must be measured (from a joulemeter).

• Temperature rise ΔT must be measured (using a thermometer).

The time taken (II) is not needed in the calculation, because c depends only on ΔQ, m, and ΔT, not on how long it took.

Therefore, the required measurements are I and III.

Correct answer: B. I and III

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 9:

Given:

• Mass of ice = 100 g=0.1 kg

• Mass of water = 200 g=0.2 kg

• Temperature change for each: ΔT=10∘C

• Specific heat capacity of ice c_i≈½c_w (half that of water)

Heat needed for ice:

Q_i=m_i⋅c_i⋅ΔT=(0.1)⋅(½c_w)⋅10

Q_i=0.5⋅c_w

Heat needed for water:

Q_w=m_w⋅c_w⋅ΔT=(0.2)⋅c_w⋅10

Q_w=2.0⋅c_w

Ratio Q_i/Q_w:

So the ice needs ¼ the energy of the water.

Correct answer: A. The ice will need ¼ the energy to heat compared to the water.

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.

Question 10:

The formula for specific heat capacity:

can only be used when:

• The substance remains in the same state (solid, liquid, or gas)

• No phase change is happening (melting, boiling, etc.)

If the ice is melting, the energy goes into latent heat (changing state), not into raising temperature, so the specific heat formula does not apply directly.

Therefore, the formula can be used when the ice is heated but staying in the same state (solid ice below 0°C).

Correct answer: C. heated but staying in the same state ✅

*These A.I. responses have been individually checked to ensure they match the accepted answer, but explanations may still be incorrect. Responses may give guidance but the A.I. might not be able to answer the question! This is particularly the case for questions based on diagrams, which the A.I. typically cannot interpret.
Grade Gorilla uses Gemini, Deepseek and a range of other A.I. chatbots to generate the saved responses. Some answers have had human intervention for clarity or where the A.I. has not been able to answer the question.